How UK student loan repayments work
UK student loans are income-contingent. You repay a percentage of the income you earn above your plan’s threshold, and nothing on the income below it. So the amount you repay is driven by what you earn, not by how much you owe. If your salary sits under the threshold, your repayment is nil. If it rises above, you repay 9% of the difference on Plans 1, 2, 4 and 5, or 6% on a Postgraduate Loan. This works much like a marginal tax, which is why a pay rise never leaves you worse off overall.
Current thresholds and rates by plan
| Plan | Annual threshold | Rate | Who’s on it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plan 1 | £26,900 | 9% | Started an English or Welsh course before 1 Sept 2012 (and some others) |
| Plan 2 | £29,385 | 9% | Started an English or Welsh course between 1 Sept 2012 and 31 July 2023 |
| Plan 4 (Scotland) | £33,795 | 9% | Scottish students (SAAS) |
| Plan 5 | £25,000 | 9% | Started an English course on or after 1 Aug 2023 |
| Postgraduate Loan | £21,000 | 6% | A Master's or Doctoral loan, can run alongside another plan |
These are the thresholds in effect from 6 April 2026. Thresholds are reviewed each year, so confirm your plan and current figure on gov.uk or in your online student loan account. This tool is a guide, not financial advice.
Two loans at once: undergraduate plus postgraduate
If you took out a Master’s or Doctoral loan on top of your undergraduate degree, you can be repaying both at the same time. They stack: you repay 9% over your undergraduate threshold, and separately 6% over the £21,000 Postgraduate threshold. On a decent salary that can mean a noticeable slice of your pay goes to both. Tick the postgraduate option in the calculator to see each repayment split out.
Repayment vs interest
People often mix these up. Your repayment is the amount taken from your pay across the year, set by your income. Interest is added to your balance separately, and tracks inflation (RPI), with the rate depending on your plan and, for Plan 2, your income. If your repayments are smaller than the interest being added, your balance can grow even while you pay, which is why the optional payoff timeline in the calculator uses an interest assumption you can adjust.
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Simon is the founder of Orbit Money, a tool that helps people track subscriptions and recurring spend. He builds Orbit's free money calculators and writes about personal finance for UK and Australian readers.
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