What is a sinking fund?
A sinking fund is money you build up gradually for a specific future cost you already know is coming. The idea is old, companies use sinking funds to set aside money to repay a bond, but for a household it is simpler. You have expenses that do not arrive every month yet are entirely predictable: the car service, the insurance renewal, the December splurge, next summer’s holiday. Left to chance, each one feels like a surprise and often ends up on a credit card. A sinking fund turns that lump into a small, steady monthly amount you barely notice.
How to calculate a sinking fund
The maths is short. Take the total cost, take away anything you have already saved towards it, and divide what is left by the number of months until you need it. That is your monthly set-aside. A £600 Christmas five months away with nothing saved is £120 a month. A £450 car service nine months away with £90 already put by is £360 over nine months, so £40 a month. The calculator above runs this for every goal you add and sums the results, so the headline figure is the total to move into savings each month.
Common sinking fund categories
Most people find the same handful of costs are the ones that catch them out. Give each its own pot:
- Christmas and gifts: presents, food, travel and the rest, all in one December bill
- Car costs: service, MOT, tyres, road tax and the occasional repair
- Insurance renewals: car, home, pet or travel policies that renew once a year
- Holidays: flights, accommodation and spending money for the trip
- Home repairs and maintenance: boiler service, appliances, decorating, the things that wear out
- Medical and dental: check-ups, glasses, dental work and other health costs
- Big-ticket replacements: a phone, laptop or white goods you know will need replacing
Sinking fund or emergency fund?
They do different jobs. A sinking fund is for a cost you can name and date, so it fills up and empties on a schedule. An emergency fund is for the unexpected, so it sits as a buffer you hope never to touch. Build the emergency fund first, since it covers the genuine shocks, then layer sinking funds on top for the planned lumps. Together they mean neither a surprise nor a known bill has to go on credit.
How to use this calculator
- Add each goal with its total cost and, if you have started, the amount already saved.
- Set when it is due, either a target date or the number of months away.
- Read the monthly figure for each fund and the total to set aside across all of them.
- If the total is too high, push a date out or trim a target until the monthly amount fits your budget.
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Simon is the founder of Orbit Money, a tool that helps people track subscriptions and recurring spend. He builds Orbit's free money calculators and writes about personal finance for readers in the UK, Australia and beyond.
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