How your mortgage repayment is worked out
A principal and interest home loan uses the standard amortisation formula. Each repayment covers the interest charged on the balance for that period, and whatever is left over reduces the principal. Because the balance shrinks over time, the interest portion of each repayment falls and the principal portion rises. The formula that ties it together is repayment = P × r ÷ (1 − (1 + r)−n), where P is the loan amount, r is the interest rate for a single period, and n is the total number of repayments. This calculator applies it for monthly, fortnightly and weekly repayments.
Monthly, fortnightly or weekly repayments
The frequency you choose changes the size of each repayment, not the maths behind it. A fortnightly repayment is worked out on a true fortnightly period, with 26 repayments a year, so it is not the monthly figure halved. Over the same term, the three frequencies cost close to the same in total interest. The popular saving comes from paying half of your monthly repayment every fortnight: that adds up to the equivalent of 13 monthly repayments a year, which pays the loan down faster. The comparison table above shows all three side by side.
Interest-only vs principal and interest
Principal and interest repayments pay down the loan so it clears by the end of the term. Interest-only repayments cover just the interest, so the balance holds steady and the full loan is still owing when the interest-only period ends. The repayments are lower while they last, which suits some investors, but you pay more interest overall because the balance never falls. Toggle between the two above to see the gap for your own loan.
A worked example
Take a $600,000 loan at 6% p.a. over 30 years, paid monthly. The period rate is 6% ÷ 12 = 0.5%, over 360 repayments, which gives a repayment of about $3,597 a month. Across the full term that adds up to roughly $1,295,000 repaid, of which around $695,000 is interest, more than the amount borrowed. Shorten the term or lower the rate and the total interest drops sharply, which is why the term and rate matter as much as the loan amount.
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Simon is the founder of Orbit Money, a tool that helps people track subscriptions and recurring spend. He builds Orbit's free money calculators and writes about personal finance for Australian and UK readers.
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